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Comparison of optimal capacitor placement methods in radial distribution system with load growth and ZIP load model

Veera Venkata Satya Naryana MURTY, Ashwani KUMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 197-213 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0249-7

摘要： In this paper, a combined power loss sensitivity (PLS) index-based approach is proposed to determine the optimal location of the capacitors in the radial distribution system (RDS) based on the real and reactive combined loss sensitivity index, as capacitor placement not only reduces real power loss with voltage profile improvement but also reduces reactive power loss due to the reactive power compensation in the network. The results have been obtained with the existing methods of power loss index (PLI) and index vector (IV) method for comparison. Besides, the optimal placement has been obtained with the proposed method as well as existing methods and the total kVar support has been obtained. In addition, the results of net cost savings for the 10-, 34-, and 69-bus systems are obtained for comparison. Moreover, the results have been obtained for a large system of 85 buses to validate the results with combined sensitivity based approach. Furthermore, the load growth factor has been considered in the study which is essential for the planning and expansion of the existing systems, whereas the impact of the realistic load model as ZIP load model has been considered for the study of all the systems.

关键词： load growth load models reactive power compensation radial distribution system power loss index (PLI) power loss sensitivity (PLS) index vector (IV)

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Power fluctuation and power loss of wind turbines due to wind shear and tower shadow

Binrong WEN, Sha WEI, Kexiang WEI, Wenxian YANG, Zhike PENG, Fulei CHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 321-332 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0434-1

摘要：

The magnitude and stability of power output are two key indices of wind turbines. This study investigates the effects of wind shear and tower shadow on power output in terms of power fluctuation and power loss to estimate the capacity and quality of the power generated by a wind turbine. First, wind speed models, particularly the wind shear model and the tower shadow model, are described in detail. The widely accepted tower shadow model is modified in view of the cone-shaped towers of modern large-scale wind turbines. Power fluctuation and power loss due to wind shear and tower shadow are analyzed by performing theoretical calculations and case analysis within the framework of a modified version of blade element momentum theory. Results indicate that power fluctuation is mainly caused by tower shadow, whereas power loss is primarily induced by wind shear. Under steady wind conditions, power loss can be divided into wind farm loss and rotor loss. Wind farm loss is constant at 3α(3α−1)R²/(8H²). By contrast, rotor loss is strongly influenced by the wind turbine control strategies and wind speed. That is, when the wind speed is measured in a region where a variable-speed controller works, the rotor loss stabilizes around zero, but when the wind speed is measured in a region where the blade pitch controller works, the rotor loss increases as the wind speed intensifies. The results of this study can serve as a reference for accurate power estimation and strategy development to mitigate the fluctuations in aerodynamic loads and power output due to wind shear and tower shadow.

关键词： wind turbine wind shear tower shadow power fluctuation power loss

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Power system reconfiguration and loss minimization for a distribution systems using “Catfish PSO” algorithm

K Sathish KUMAR,S NAVEEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0313-y

摘要： One of the very important ways to save electrical energy in the distribution system is network reconfiguration for loss reduction. Distribution networks are built as interconnected mesh networks; however, they are arranged to be radial in operation. The distribution feeder reconfiguration is to find a radial operating structure that optimizes network performance while satisfying operating constraints. The change in network configuration is performed by opening sectionalizing (normally closed) and closing tie (normally opened) switches of the network. These switches are changed in such a way that the radial structure of networks is maintained, all of the loads are energized, power loss is reduced, power quality is enhanced, and system security is increased. Distribution feeder reconfiguration is a complex nonlinear combinatorial problem since the status of the switches is non-differentiable. This paper proposes a new evolutionary algorithm (EA) for solving the distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) problem for a 33-bus and a 16-bus sample network, which effectively ensures the loss minimization.

关键词： distribution system reconfiguration (DFR) power loss reduction catfish particle swarm optimization (catfish PSO) radial structure

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A novel power system reconfiguration for a distribution system with minimum load balancing index using

K. Sathish KUMAR, T. JAYABARATHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 260-265 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0196-8

摘要： In this paper, the objective of minimum load balancing index (LBI) for the 16-bus distribution system is achieved using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA). The feeder reconfiguration problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem and the optimal solution is obtained using BFOA. With the proposed reconfiguration method, the radial structure of the distribution system is retained and the burden on the optimization technique is reduced. Test results are presented for the 16-bus sample network, the proposed reconfiguration method has effectively decreased the LBI, and the BFOA technique is efficient in searching for the optimal solution.

关键词： bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) distribution system network reconfiguration load balancing index (LBI) radial network

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制造质量强国指标体系研究

郑立伟,张纲,蒋家东,王赟松

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 76-75

摘要：

本文构建了制造质量强国指标体系，分为质量安全、质量发展和质量基础三个维度，建立了11个评价指标。通过实证分析将我国制造业产品质量与部分国家进行了比较，并分析了我国制造业质量水平变化的趋势。结论表明：我国制造业质量经历了一个稳步提升的过程，2008年金融危机后提升幅度明显下降；与新兴制造国家相比，我国产品质量表现出一定优势；与发达国家相比，仍存在安全、性能差距，影响了我国制造业的出口贸易。

关键词：制造强国质量评价指标体系

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建立非并网风电适宜产业的指标体系研究

刘勇

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第3期页码 60-66

摘要：

本文主要阐述非并网风电适宜产业指标评价体系的内涵及其构建原则，确定指标体系的层次以及各个指标的科学涵义和计算方法，并根据所构建的指标体系进行案例分析。本指标体系分为两个层次，第一层包含4个方面的宏观指标群，分别反映非并网风电的经济、社会和环境以及风电随机波动性特征；第二层反映在第一层次里各个宏观指标群的具体构成指标状况。指标权重的确定依据层次分析法，对各指标进行分类，建立多层次结构，构造成对比较矩阵，并根据随机一致性检验，经过多轮综合分析最终确定指标体系中各个层次指标的权重情况，权重的确定方法和过程客观、严谨、科学。在此基础上，根据指标间的内在联系建立综合评价模型，最终形成科学、合理、较为完善的指标综合评价体系。

关键词：非并网风电；适宜产业；指标体系

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制造强国的主要指标

“制造强国的主要指标研究”课题组

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第7期页码 7-19

摘要：

“制造强国的主要指标研究”是中国工程院“制造强国战略研究”重大咨询项目中的一个课题，于2013年1月启动，一年多来，课题组围绕指标体系构建、制造强国指数评价、战略路径等方面多次召开课题组会和专家研讨会。课题组在充分研究国内外指标体系、工业发达国家强国之路的基础上，详细分析了我国制造业现状，提出了制造强国的内涵和特征，构建了制造强国评价指标体系，并对国际上公认已是制造强国的典型国家进行了研究、也对我国制造强国的进程进行了预测。同时结合指标体系的构建和评价结果，提出推进制造强国的战略路径。

关键词：制造强国评价体系战略路径

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Potential of performance improvement of concentrated solar power plants by optimizing the parabolic trough

Honglun YANG, Qiliang WANG, Jingyu CAO, Gang PEI, Jing LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 867-881 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0707-y

摘要： This paper proposes a comprehensive thermodynamic and economic model to predict and compare the performance of concentrated solar power plants with traditional and novel receivers with different configurations involving operating temperatures and locations. The simulation results reveal that power plants with novel receivers exhibit a superior thermodynamic and economic performance compared with traditional receivers. The annual electricity productions of power plants with novel receivers in Phoenix, Sevilla, and Tuotuohe are 8.5%, 10.5%, and 14.4% higher than those with traditional receivers at the outlet temperature of 550°C. The levelized cost of electricity of power plants with double-selective-coated receivers can be decreased by 6.9%, 8.5%, and 11.6%. In Phoenix, the optimal operating temperature of the power plants is improved from 500°C to 560°C by employing a novel receiver. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the receiver heat loss, solar absorption, and freeze protection temperature is also conducted to analyze the general rule of influence of the receiver performance on power plants performance. Solar absorption has a positive contribution to annual electricity productions, whereas heat loss and freeze protection temperature have a negative effect on electricity outputs. The results indicate that the novel receiver coupled with low melting temperature molten salt is the best configuration for improving the overall performance of the power plants.

关键词： concentrated solar power parabolic trough receiver heat loss solar energy annual performance

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评价企业营销力的一个新方法

徐丽娟

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第6期页码 100-102

摘要：

市场的可拓性关系着企业市场营销工作的效率和效果，可拓营销力是企业在市场竞争过程中通过营销活动形成的获得消费者认同的能力。这种认同可能会直接带来销售额、利润，也有可能只是使消费者产生了对企业或者产品、品牌的兴趣，但是一定会为未来的企业销售活动打好良好的商誉基础。企业可拓营销力在企业发展中具有重要作用，文章基于企业营销活动的市场影响力讨论了企业可拓营销力指数，并为其科学评价提供了一个新的方法。

关键词：营销力可拓力市场影响力可拓营销力指数

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Constriction factor based particle swarm optimization for analyzing tuned reactive power dispatch

Syamasree BISWAS(RAHA), Kamal Krishna MANDAL, Niladri CHAKRABORTY

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 174-181 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0246-x

摘要： The reactive power dispatch (RPD) problem is a very critical optimization problem of power system which minimizes the real power loss of the transmission system. While solving the said problem, generator bus voltages and transformer tap settings are kept within a stable operating limit. In connection with the RPD problem, solving reactive power is compensated by incorporating shunt capacitors. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is a swarm intelligence based fast working optimization method which is chosen in this paper as an optimization tool. Additionally, the constriction factor is included with the conventional PSO technique to accelerate the convergence property of the applied optimization tool. In this paper, the RPD problem is solved in the case of the two higher bus systems, i.e., the IEEE 57-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system. Furthermore, the result of the present paper is compared with a few optimization technique based results to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed study.

关键词： real power loss minimization voltage stability constriction factor particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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推动我国制造强国建设的若干问题研究

孔德婧,延建林,杨晓迎,屈贤明

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 6-12 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.002

摘要：

2015年，中国工程院启动了“制造强国战略研究（二期）”重大咨询项目，系统、深入地分析了现阶段中国制造强国建设面临的重点问题，提出了相应的对策建议，并形成研究报告。本文在项目前期研究的基础上，结合制造业的发展近况，使用数据挖掘、案例分析和专家访谈等研究方法，对制造强国发展指数、《中国制造2025》的相关政策等信息以及典型案例、专家观点进行了综合的分析论述。研究发现，制造业的增长模式、五大工程的实施差异度、传统产业面临被忽视以及地方政府产业政策趋同化等问题成为现阶段推动我国制造强国建设的主要制约因素。面对这些问题，建议推进优质制造和新一轮技术改造以促进增长模式转变和传统产业转型升级，协调五大工程实施以及地方产业政策以实现制造强国建设的有效推进。

关键词：制造强国中国制造2025 制造强国指数战略对策

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“制造强国”评价指标体系优化与测评研究

赵蔷,吴进军,夏鹏,王迪,刘丹,刘云,董晗

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第3期页码 13-19 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.03.003

摘要：

本文围绕制造强国指标体系数据源、计算方式、指标归类等方面进行了完善优化研究，持续开展了年度指数测评工作及指数背后制造业发展态势的深入剖析。同时对2016年制造强国综合指数进行了预测算，总结了近五年的发展趋势，为制造强国发展进程提供了有益的参考。

关键词：指标体系完善优化指数测评差距及瓶颈分析

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Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices

Wenjie Sun, Jiale Mao, Shuang Wang, Lei Zhang, Yonghong Cheng

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 18-34 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1939-4

摘要： Polymer-based dielectric capacitors are widely-used energy storage devices. However, although the functions of dielectrics in applications like high-voltage direct current transmission projects, distributed energy systems, high-power pulse systems and new energy electric vehicles are similar, their requirements can be quite different. Low electric loss is a critical prerequisite for capacitors for electric grids, while high-temperature stability is an essential pre-requirement for those in electric vehicles. This paper reviews recent advances in this area, and categorizes dielectrics in terms of their foremost properties related to their target applications. Requirements for polymer-based dielectrics in various power electronic equipment are emphasized, including high energy storage density, low dissipation, high working temperature and fast-response time. This paper considers innovations including chemical structure modification, composite fabrication and structure re-design, and the enhancements to material performances achieved. The advantages and limitations of these methods are also discussed.

关键词： dielectric capacitors polymer-based dielectrics energy density dielectric loss working temperature frequency response

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Panoramic variation analysis of a family with neurodevelopmental disorders caused by biallelic loss-of-function

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1006-x

摘要： Highly clinical and genetic heterogeneity of neurodevelopmental disorders presents a major challenge in clinical genetics and medicine. Panoramic variation analysis is imperative to analyze the disease phenotypes resulting from multilocus genomic variation. Here, a Pakistani family with parental consanguinity was presented, characterized with severe intellectual disability (ID), spastic paraplegia, and deafness. Homozygosity mapping, integrated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing were performed, and homozygous variants in TMEM141 (c.270G>A, p.Trp90*), DDHD2 (c.411+767_c.1249-327del), and LHFPL5 (c.250delC, p.Leu84*) were identified. A Tmem141^{p.Trp90*/p.Trp90*} mouse model was generated. Behavioral studies showed impairments in learning ability and motor coordination. Brain slice electrophysiology and Golgi staining demonstrated deficient synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons and abnormal dendritic branching in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, studies on a human in vitro neuronal model (SH-SY5Y cells) with stable shRNA-mediated knockdown of TMEM141 showed deleterious effect on bioenergetic function, possibly explaining the pathogenesis of replicated phenotypes in the cross-species mouse model. Conclusively, panoramic variation analysis revealed that multilocus genomic variations of TMEM141, DDHD2, and LHFPL5 together caused variable phenotypes in patient. Notably, the biallelic loss-of-function variants of TMEM141 were responsible for syndromic ID.

关键词： neurodevelopmental disorder autosomal recessive intellectual disability consanguinity spastic paraplegia hearing loss TMEM141